The importance of bearing maintenance and lubrication is discussed

Bearing, mechanical special words; the name suggests, is rotating axle, or straight linearly moving shaft parts of the machine to support the rotation of the body or a straight line back and forth movement of the body. When the other parts in the shaft relative motion with each other, used to maintain the center of the shaft position and control of the movement of the machine, it is called the hub bearing. The English word-making complex number of bearings can be interpreted as a special ball, it is the vast majority of the entire bearing, used for sliding with the axis of rotation, and the rotation shaft to minimize the friction generated by the components. However, its meaning is mainly derived from its verb to bear "bear, support" means.

Many bearings require regular maintenance to prevent premature failure. While some, such as liquid bearings and magnetic bearings may require a small amount of maintenance, most bearings require periodic lubrication and cleaning during high cycle operations and may need to be adjusted to minimize the effects of wear.Gasgoo.com has prepared the Chinese engine bearing.

Unsealed hub bearing often have a grease nipple, lubricated regularly with grease guns, or oil cups filled regularly with oil. Prior to the 1970s, the seal bearings were not encountered, most of the machinery, oiling lubrication is a more common than today's activities. For example, the need to "lubricate the job" almost always changes engine oil, but today's car chassis car chassis is mostly a sealed life. From the late 18th century through the mid-1900s, the industry relied on many workers to call regular oiling machinery and oil tanks.

Hub bearing life by the usual clean and good lubrication to great influence. However, many engineering application limitations make maintenance difficult.

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Do not blindly trust car GPS

It is understood that the current gps system for car system focused on the outstanding performance in three major areas. Among them, GPS quality problems mainly in the positioning accuracy is low, poor sensitivity, the signal is often lost, can not navigate. At the same time, the brand gps system for car loaded with different operating software, often a variety of problems. Some cottage goods, navigation software, poor performance, often crash, people bored annoying. In addition, some navigation software lack of path reset function, resulting in deviation from the scheduled route, the navigation system will only repeat the " Please turn around ", and will not be reset path, and eventually lead to panic.

Of course, the most prominent gps system for car map problem. Many owners use the navigation device encountered because the old map can not reach the destination of the situation, but also often an important traffic signs are not updated, resulting in illegal driving or detour drivers take the wrong way. Once the updated version of the map, regardless of 4S shop or professional navigator stores, the basic will not take the initiative to inform the owner. Do not blindly trust car GPS，but can trust Gasgoo recommend for you.

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One of the important parts of the engine——turbocharger

Turbochargers were originally known as turbosuperchargers when all forced induction devices were classified as superchargers. Nowadays the term "supercharger" is usually applied only to mechanically driven forced induction devices. The key difference between a turbo charger and a conventional supercharger is that a supercharger is mechanically driven by the engine, often through a belt connected to the crankshaft, whereas a turbocharger is powered by a turbine driven by the engine's exhaust gas. Compared to a mechanically driven supercharger, turbochargers tend to be more efficient, but less responsive. Twincharger refers to an engine with both a supercharger and a turbo charger.

Turbochargers are commonly used on truck, car, train, aircraft, and construction equipment engines. They are most often used with Otto cycle and Diesel cycle internal combustion engines. They have also been found useful in automotive fuel cells.

Turbochargers were first used in production aircraft engines such as the Napier Lioness in the 1920s, although they were less common than engine-driven centrifugal superchargers. Ships and locomotives equipped with turbocharged diesel engines began appearing in the 1920s.

Turbo charger are widely used in car and commercial vehicles because they allow smaller-capacity engines to have improved fuel economy, reduced emissions, higher power and considerably higher torque. Gasgoo.com has prepared the top Chinese turbocharger for Toyota、Audi 、Jeep……

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Comprehensive analysis of the car piston ring

Piston ring is used to enter the piston groove ring, divided into two types: compression ring and oil ring. The compression ring can be used to seal the compressed air in the combustion chamber; the oil ring is used to scrape off the excess oil on the cylinder. The pistonring is a metal elastic ring with large outward expansion deformation, which is fitted into the corresponding annular groove of the profile. Reciprocating and rotating motion of the piston ring, relying on the gas or liquid pressure difference between the ring in the outer surface and the cylinder and ring and ring groove between the side to form a seal.

Piston ring applications:

Piston rings are widely used in a variety of power machinery, such as steam engines, diesel engines, gasoline engines, compressors, hydraulic presses, widely used in automobiles, trains, ships, yachts and so on. General piston ring installed in the piston ring groove, it and the piston, cylinder, cylinder head and other components of the composition of the chamber work.

Piston ring function:

Piston ring action includes sealing, regulating oil (oil control), heat conduction (heat transfer), guide (support) four roles. Seal: refers to the sealed gas, do not let the combustion chamber of the gas leakage to the crankcase, the gas leakage control to a minimum, improve thermal efficiency. Leakage will not only make the engine power down, but also make the oil deterioration, which is the main task of the gas ring; adjust the oil (oil control): the cylinder wall of the excess oil scraping off, while the cylinder wall cloth thin Thin oil film to ensure the normal lubrication of the cylinder and piston and ring, which is the main task of the oil ring. In the modern high-speed engine, with particular emphasis on the role of the piston ring control film; heat: the piston ring through the piston heat conduction to the cylinder, that is, from the cooling effect. According to reliable data, the piston top of the heat received by 70 to 80% through the piston ring to the cylinder wall and scattered; support: the piston ring to keep the piston in the cylinder to prevent the piston and the cylinder wall in direct contact, To ensure smooth movement of the piston, reduce frictional resistance, and to prevent the piston knocking cylinder. General gasoline engine piston with two air ring, an oil ring, while the diesel engine is used three air ring, an oil ring.

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What is the car piston?

In the reciprocating piston internal combustion engine, compressors and pumps and other machinery within the cylinder block along the cylinder axis of the mechanical parts. Pistons are disc-shaped, cylindrical and cylindrical three kinds of forms. In the internal combustion engine, the engine piston in the high temperature and high pressure gas driven by the work. In compressors and pumps, the piston exerts pressure on the fluid in the cylinder under external forces to cause fluid flow and increase its pressure. In the hydraulic cylinder, the piston in the pressure of the oil under the action. The closed end of the piston is subjected to the pressure of the working fluid and forms a combustion chamber or compression volume with the cylinder head and cylinder wall. The piston is fitted with a piston ring or a gum seal to prevent fluid leakage. Engine piston can be cast iron, forged steel, cast steel or aluminum alloy and other materials.

The contact pressure between the piston ring and the cylinder liner and the sliding speed are very high, so there is a need for adequate lubrication. Leakage can damage the oil film, in today's large diesel engine, even more so. Therefore, in order to make the diesel engine work steadily, a good seal is very important. The sealing effect of a group of piston rings (which are generally grouped) can be treated as a labyrinth seal. At the interface, the side and the circumference can produce leakage across the piston ring. The most important leak is due to thermal deformation caused by some deformation can be automatically corrected by the role of heat; other deformation is caused by the instability of the diesel engine work. The small defect on the contact surface can also be corrected by the gas to press the piston ring against its contact surface. The magnitude of the force produced by the corrective gas depends primarily on the magnitude of the pressure drop produced by a single piston ring in a set of piston rings. Which in turn depends on the instantaneous leakage area between a group of piston rings.

A variety of changes in pressure distribution can lead to stability of the diesel engine or not. The seal of the circumferential surface of the piston ring can be improved by pre-correcting the shape of the piston ring. A simple tool can be used to determine the correct shape of the piston ring by measuring the local radius of curvature. Most of the contents of this report, due to the use of wear in the practice, manufacturing defects, etc. may have been recognized by most people. Wear can correct some minor defects. So enough to run is very important, the use of a slight wear will also make the diesel engine work stabilized. Rotating the engine piston about its axis also improves its operation.

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Teach you how to solve the car exhaust pipe smoke

Exhaust pipe black smoke:

This situation generally shows that the mixture is too thick and the combustion is incomplete. The main reason for this phenomenon is the engine overload, the cylinder pressure is insufficient, the engine temperature is too low, the air filter block, the individual engine cylinder head does not work and ignition too late.

Solution:

1. Check that the choke is fully open and check if necessary.

2. If the air cleaner is clogged, clean, clear or replace.

3. After the flame from the carburetor mouth to see the main nozzle, if there is gasoline leakage, you should tighten or replace the main hole.

Exhaust pipe to take white smoke:

Row of the tube to take white smoke that the fuel injector bad or drip so that part of the gasoline does not burn, gasoline, water, engine cylinder head and cylinder liner with invisible cracks, cylinder pad damage, so that the tank water, too low.

Solution:

1. Clean or replace the injector, adjust the fuel injection pressure, remove the tank and oil in the oil.

2. Do not add poor oil, because the poor oil often contains moisture, impurities

3. Replace the cylinder liner, cylinder liner, engine cylinder head.

Comprehensive above the two cases, the majority of owners found the exhaust pipe smoke must be dealt with in a timely manner, so as not to more serious damage.

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Analysis on the Damage of Automobile Fuel Pump

1, Tank oil is not sufficient

When the fuel oil in the instrument warning light is lit, the fuel tank is about 7 liters of fuel left, then the fuel tank in the fuel tank is about the red line. As the oil level is too low, the electric fuel pump motor is not fully cooled and lubricated, will cause the motor to overheat or even stop. If the pump is often in this state of work, then the pump early damage is inevitable.

2, Poor quality of oil

As the oil quality is poor, the fuel tank will be filled with a variety of impurities or foreign matter, fuel chestnut through the bottom of the filter inhalation of fuel, pumped to the engine.

In this process, large particles of impurities are blocked by the filter, and small particles of impurities were sucked into electric fuel pump motor, is bound to exacerbate the oil pump motor wear, resulting in early damage.

3, Gasoline filter has not been replaced for a long time

Gasoline filter has not been replaced for a long time, gasoline filter oil supply system is seriously blocked, electric fuel pump oil, long-term high load caused by gasoline pump damage.

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Judgment and Elimination of Injector Failure Analysis

The failure of the injector can directly cause the engine to be abnormal. Engine injector failure are:

1. Exhaust pipe;

2. The cylinder is not uniform, the engine produces a significant vibration phenomenon;

3. The engine power drops, the vehicle is running weak.

In order to judge the diesel injectors failure, the engine can run idle, followed by the cylinder for oil off test. When a cylinder to stop the oil, pay attention to observe the work of the engine and sound. If the oil off, the exhaust no longer black smoke, the engine speed changes, that is, the cylinder injector failure.

After the diesel injectors are judged to be accurate, remove the injector and check it on the injector calibration table. Fault generally have the following:

1. The fuel injection pressure is too low;

2. Fuel is not atomized, or obvious oil flow;

3. The fuel injection fuel tank length of different fuel, oil beam is not uniform;

4. Nozzle drip;

5. Fuel injector needle stuck, burned to death.

After the above situation, you should remove the diesel injectors repair. If serious damage should be replaced. Replace the injection pressure should be adjusted to 22 +0.5 MPa, and spray the situation is good, do not drop the oil. The reason for the failure of the nozzle is mainly oil and filter problems, such as burning low-grade diesel, filter filter long-term use does not clean, do not change caused. Users are advised to use the national standard of diesel, each time a vehicle cleaning diesel filter, two replace the diesel filter, regular cleaning tank.

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Cylinder block and cylinder head crack repair method

During the operation of the diesel engine, the cylinder block and the cylinder head are prone to crack, resulting in leakage, leakage, burn the cylinder head gasket, and even mechanical accidents. Cylinder block and cylinder head cracks should be promptly repaired, the main methods are the following four.

1. Fill plate method

Fill plate method is mainly used to repair the cracks more and relatively concentrated or part of the hole body surface of the body. The concrete steps are: ① remove the crack near the preparation of the fill plate parts of the oil, paint and other objects; ② with a diameter of 3 ~ 5 mm drill bit at the end of each crack drilling hole to prevent the crack extension; ③ the thickness of 2.5 ~ Of the low-carbon steel plate cut into the fill plate, fill plate than the crack around the wide 20 ~ 30 mm; ④ drilling along the plate around the hole spacing of 15 ~ 20 mm, aperture of 3 ~ 5 mm; On the crack, so that it is close together with the cylinder head gasket or cylinder head, then fill the plate as a template in the cylinder block or cylinder head drilling and tapping; ⑥ with a screw to fill the plate fixed. Should be fixed before the plate and the cylinder block or cylinder head pad with a layer of asbestos pad, if the two veneer coated with red oil, the effect will be better.

2. Planting method

Silk method is often used to repair a single crack, as shown in the figure, the method: ① with a diameter of 3 ~ 5 mm drill first at both ends of the crack drilling holes 1 and 2, and then drilled every 2 ~ 4 mm Hole 3, hole 4; ② drilling in the hole in the tapping; ③ the screw into the hole into the hole, screw into the length and cylinder head gasket wall thickness of the same, then cut off the copper rod, the cross-section above the cylinder 2 mm ; ④ with the same method, according to the order of drilling in the order of drilling a series of holes, tapping and screwed into the copper rod screws, the formation of a screw on the entire chain of chains; ⑤ with a hand hammer gently ripped copper The exposed part of the screw, the riveting flat; ⑥ water pressure method to check whether the leak at the crack, if a slight leakage, you can continue to use hand hammer light riveting leakage of copper screws.

3. Welding method

Welding method is: first with a 4mm diameter drill bit at both ends of the crack drill hole, while the crack along the open v-groove groove, the depth of the groove to not exceed the body wall thickness of 2/3 is appropriate; and then diameter 4 mm Of the bimetallic electrode (or in the case of heating with cast iron electrode) can be welded.

In order to prevent the welding parts after welding caused by internal stress or warping phenomenon, should be in the weld when the red hot, with a hammer hammer hammer beats to eliminate the slag. If the crack is too long, must be separated from the welding, generally 20 ~ 30 mm length is appropriate, to be 70 mm away from the weld to be able to hand to touch, and then welding the next paragraph. If the crack is too deep, can be used multi-layer surfacing method, must not be a welding.

4. Adhesive method

To repair the cylinder crack as an example, the steps are: ① 1 # coarse sandpaper to remove the cracks around the cylinder block of silver and rust, polished width of about 30 mm, the length should be more than 30 mm at both ends of the fracture; Line chisel cut width of 3 mm, depth of 2 mm V-groove, and drilling at both ends of the crack hole; ③ with a metal cleaning agent cleaning around the cracks, to be dry, and then scrub the wine again; Of the glue filled with cracks and V-shaped groove, and in the groove and the cloth on the pre-prepared cloth on the glue, the cloth sticks on the cracks in the original leakage of serious places, with the same method sticky 2 layers of cloth, ⑤ in the cloth outside the cloth and then even coated with a layer of glue.

After 24 h of this treatment, the diesel engine can be put into use. If in winter, in order to speed up the curing speed of viscose, water radiator should be injected into the hot water, so that the body to maintain a high temperature.

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Fatigue Performance Analysis of Automobile Engine Crankshaft

Crankshaft is an important part of the car engine, both in the car crankshaft R & D or actual production stage, need to test the fatigue performance of the car crankshaft. In the actual operation of the car engine, the crankshaft to bear the form of the load for the bending and torsional load, so the actual case shows that the main form of failure of the car crankshaft fatigue damage. In addition, if the engine crankshaft output power is large, the greater the torque generated, will produce a certain degree of torsional fatigue damage. Early automotive engine crankshaft used by the material for the 40Cr and 42CrMo and other carbon quenched and tempered steel. However, since the late 1990s, a large number of automotive crankshaft began to widely use non-quenched and tempered steel, especially for heavy-duty engine crankshaft production, the materials used mainly include 48MnV and C38N2, these two materials and medium carbon Compared with the quenched and tempered steel, in the case of ensuring the same strength, a lot of conditioning process is omitted. In recent years, the use of ductile iron production of engine crankshaft has better mechanical processing performance and bending fatigue strength, especially in the use of heavy-duty engine to show a good application prospects.

Automotive crankshaft in the design, the choice of raw materials, forging, machining and heat treatment and surface strengthening of all aspects, if any one part of the mistakes will cause the engine crankshaft failure. A company combined with the actual bearing production case, introduced and analyzed the car engine crankshaft common failure form and internal reasons.

The factors that affect the fatigue strength of the crankshaft of the vehicle mainly include the stress concentration, the size, the surface condition and the environment medium at the journal. In these factors, stress concentration and size and surface state are most important. The factors that affect the stress distribution of the crankshaft mainly include the design shape of the crankshaft and the basic properties of the material. The bending fatigue strength of the crankshaft can be improved by changing the kind and size of the material, but this will greatly increase the manufacturing cost of the material. In the actual application process, the surface strengthening process is usually used to improve the fatigue strength of engine crankshaft. Under the effect of variable load, the maximum stress should appear in a range near the rounded corners of the crankshaft due to the abrupt change in the shape of the crankshaft journal Inside. Research indicates:

(1) Fatigue test of automobile crankshaft The fatigue limit of crank moment is 96.7MPa, the crankshaft stress concentration coefficient is 6.72, and the fatigue test process is in the middle of crankshaft journal. The safety factor at 99% was 1.31.

(2) SEM microstructure analysis of the microstructure and crack fracture of the 40Cr crankshaft journal shows that the microstructure after 40Cr quenching and tempering is tempered sorbite + ferrite + few bainite, conforms to the relevant standard The Fracture analysis shows that the 40Cr crankshaft fracture is a typical dimple and step mixed fracture, and no obvious inclusions.

(3) From the chemical composition and tensile properties of the material and the hardened layer of the journal surface, it can be seen that the reason of the fatigue failure of the crankshaft can exclude the influence of the above factors.

(4) crankshaft drilling hole in the journal internal wall caused by stress concentration, more prone to defects; crankshaft journal under the action of alternating stress is prone to fatigue cracks and expansion, resulting in early fracture of the crankshaft.

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What is the maintenance of the car ignition system?

Ignition coil if the use of improper use, will cause damage to the ignition coil, it should be noted that the following: to prevent the ignition coil heat or moisture; do not run the engine when the ignition switch; often check, clean, tighten the circuit connector, to avoid short circuit or china ignition system on the water can only be wiped with a cloth, must not use the fire baking, otherwise it will damage the ignition coil.

Spark plug maintenance:

Spark plug function and characteristics: the role of the spark plug is the ignition coil generated by the pulse of high voltage into the combustion chamber, the use of electrodes generated by the spark ignition mixture to complete the combustion.

The domestic spark plug model consists of three parts or letters. The preceding number indicates the diameter of the thread, such as the number 1, that the thread diameter is 10mm, the middle of the letter that the spark plug into the cylinder part of the length; the last digit that spark plug heat type: 1-3 for the heat type, 5,6 for Medium, more than 7 for the cold type china ignition system.

Spark plug "gap" is its main technical indicators, the gap is too large, the ignition coil and the distributor of high voltage is difficult to skip, resulting in the engine starting difficult; such as the gap is too small, will lead to weak spark, and prone to leakage.

Check the spark plug:

1, the demolition: the spark plug on the high-pressure sub-line in turn removed, and in the original position to mark, so as not to install dislocation. Remove the dust and debris from the spark plug hole in advance to prevent the debris from falling into the cylinder. Disassemble the spark plug sleeve with a spark plug, remove the sleeve and remove it in turn.

2, check: spark plug electrode normal color is gray, such as the electrode burned with carbon deposition, then there is a fault. Check the spark plug and the cylinder conduction, with the central high-voltage line to contact the spark plug terminal, and then open the ignition switch to observe the high voltage electric jump position. Such as the jump position in the spark plug gap, then the role of spark plugs good, otherwise, that is necessary to change china ignition system.

Spark plug electrode gap adjustment: a variety of models of spark plug clearance are different, generally should be between 0.7-0.9, check the gap size, available spark plug gauge or thin metal sheet. If the gap is too large, you can use the screwdriver gently tapping the external electrode, so that the gap is normal; gap is too small, you can use the screwdriver or metal sheet inserted into the electrode outside the pull.

Spark plug replacement: spark plug is easy to consume parts, the general driving 20000-30000 km that should be replaced. The spark plug is replaced by a sign that is not flashing, or the electrode discharge part is rounded by ablation. In addition, if found in the use of spark plugs often coke, off the fire, usually because the spark plug too cold, need to use hot spark plug; if hot ignition or the impact of the cylinder sound, you need to use cold spark plug.

Spark plug clean: spark plugs have oil or coke should be promptly cleaned, but do not use the flame barbecue. If the ceramic core is damaged and broken, it should be replaced.

The maintenance of the distributor:

Cleaning: usually use a rag to wipe the distributor cover and sub-fire head, and check for damage or crack. If the center electrode of the carbon rod or spring damage or failure, should replace the distributor cover.

Contact grinding: the contacts of the distributor after a period of use, the surface will appear uneven, so that the impact of ignition timing, or bad spark, or cause the engine idle instability, acceleration is not good, or even unable to start When the sandpaper used to polish, until the removal of the signs on the ablation.

Contact clearance adjustment: use the starting handle to turn the engine crankshaft, and then release the fixing screw, the appropriate thickness of the thick sheet (0.35 ~ 0.45mm) inserted in the contact, with a screwdriver to adjust the screw, The resistance is appropriate, and then tighten the screws and check again.

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Working Principle and Introduction of Electric Fuel Pump for Automobile Engine

Fuel pump assembly The role of the fuel pump is stored in the fuel tank fuel to the fuel injector fuel pipeline. Early engine fuel systems in the fuel pump mostly mechanical, and now electric fuel pump has been replaced china delivery valve. In addition, some of the original installed in the fuel tank outside the electric fuel pump, taking into account the heat, noise and air resistance and other issues, are also built into the fuel tank.

Fuel pump assembly

The purpose of the fuel pump is to store the fuel stored in the fuel tank china delivery valve to the fuel line of the injector. Early engine fuel systems in the fuel pump mostly mechanical, and now electric fuel pump has been replaced. In addition, some of the original installed in the fuel tank outside the electric fuel pump, taking into account the heat, noise and air resistance and other issues, are also built into the fuel tank. The fuel pump is installed in the tank and is combined with the fuel oil meter measuring device as a whole.

Fuel pump on the fuel gauge paddle metering part

The working principle of the electric fuel pump is the same as that of the electric water pump, and the corresponding oil pump device is driven by the motor, so as to continuously feed the fuel oil to the fuel system. To know that the fuel system must maintain a certain pressure, the only way to ensure that the fuel injection device fuel spray better, more easy to burn. But when the engine is turned off, the fuel system pressure will be lost, once there is no residual pressure, at high temperatures in the pipeline is easy to produce air resistance. So that when the engine restarts, because the fuel system into the air, it is difficult to ensure adequate fuel, the engine will be difficult to start. For this purpose, a check valve is provided in the fuel pump. So that when the fuel pump stops running, the check valve is closed to maintain the residual pressure in the fuel line to facilitate the restart of the engine. In addition, I do not know if you have noticed, when your vehicle after a long time parked, if the car is relatively quiet, when you open the ignition switch in no hurry to start the engine, you will hear the rear of the vehicle came "buzzing" sound. This is not a malfunction, but in order to ensure that the fuel system has enough pressure to start the engine, let the electric fuel pump run in advance 2-3 seconds to build oil. In order to prevent the electric fuel pump out of the port side of the pressure is too high, but also designed a safety valve, so that once the fuel pump fuel pressure is too high, china delivery valve will open, so that the pressure of high fuel back to the fuel tank.

Fuel pump and engine control computer module

We mentioned the saddle-shaped fuel tank on some rear-drive cars and SUVs, which are divided into main tanks and fuel tanks, but generally only an electric fuel pump is installed in the main tank. So how does the fuel in the tank compare to the main fuel tank? Engineers use the siphon principle, so that the fuel tank in the fuel tank through the suction pipe is sucked out and transported to the main fuel tank.

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